Instructor Who Invented Basketball. James Naismith, Father of Basketball. Wiki Commons. June 2. Dr. James Naismith was the Canadian- born physical education instructor who, inspired by a teaching assignment and his own childhood, invented basketball in 1. Naismith was born in Almonte, Ontario and educated at Mc. Gill University and Presbyterian College in Montreal. He was the physical education teacher at Mc. Gill University (1. Springfield, Massachusetts in 1. Y. M. C. A. International Training School, which later became Springfield College. Learn more about James Naismith, the Canadian-born physical education instructor who invented basketball. Naismith called the game Basketball—a.
Under the direction of American physical- education specialist Luther Halsey Gulick, Naismith was given 1. New England winter. His solution to the problem has become one of the most popular sports in the world, and a multi- billion dollar business. Struggling to develop a game that would work on wooden floors in an enclosed space, Naismith studied sports like American football, soccer, and lacrosse with little success. Then he remembered a game he played as a child called "Duck on the Rock" that required players to knock a “duck” off a large boulder by throwing rocks at it. With this game in mind, I thought that if the goal was horizontal instead of vertical, the players would be compelled to throw the ball in an arc; and force, which made for roughness, would be of no value. A horizontal goal, then, was what I was looking for, and I pictured it in my mind," he said.  Naismith called the game Basketball—a nod to the fact that two peach baskets, hung ten feet up in the air, provided the goals. The instructor then wrote up 1. Rules. The first formal rules were devised in 1. Interesting Facts About Women's Basketball. playing the sport invented by Dr. and organized the first women's basketball game at Smith.Initially, players dribbled a soccer ball up and down a court of unspecified dimensions. Points were earned by landing the ball in a peach basket. Iron hoops and a hammock- style basket were introduced in 1. Another decade passed, however, before the innovation of open- ended nets put an end to the practice of manually retrieving the ball from the basket each time a goal was scored. Who invented basketball? Author. History.com Staff. Website Name. James Naismith devoted little effort to shaping the evolution of the game he invented. Dr. Naismith, who became a medical doctor in 1. University of Kansas that same year.  He went on to establish one of collegiate basketball’s most storied programs and served as the Athletic Director and faculty member at the university for nearly 4. In 1. 95. 9, James Naismith was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame (called the Naismith Memorial Hall of Fame.). Basketball - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 1. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.[1] The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most popular and widely considered to be the highest level of professional basketball in the world and NBA players are the world's best paid sportsmen, by average annual salary per player.[2][3]A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three- point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team was assessed with certain fouls. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is issued when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by throwing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling). It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. There are many techniques for ball handling—shooting, passing, dribbling, and rebounding. Basketball teams generally have player positions, the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward, while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward, and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coach's game plan, and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning). History. Creation. In early December 1. Canadian Dr. James Naismith,[4] a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School[5] (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled- in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 1. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed,[6] allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1. Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1. The peach baskets were used until 1. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game.[7] The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators in the balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots.[8] Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2. Duck on a Rock", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket Ball".[9] The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on January 2. The game ended at 1–0; the shot was made from 2. Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court. By 1. 89. 7–1. 89. College basketball. The 1. 89. 9 University of Kansas basketball team, with James Naismith at the back, right. Basketball's early adherents were dispatched to YMCAs throughout the United States, and it quickly spread through the USA and Canada. By 1. 89. 5, it was well established at several women's high schools. While the YMCA was responsible for initially developing and spreading the game, within a decade it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and rowdy crowds began to detract from the YMCA's primary mission. However, other amateur sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs quickly filled the void. In the years before World War I, the Amateur Athletic Union and the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (forerunner of the NCAA) vied for control over the rules for the game. The first pro league, the National Basketball League, was formed in 1. This league only lasted five years. Dr. James Naismith was instrumental in establishing college basketball. His colleague C. O. Beamis fielded the first college basketball team just a year after the Springfield YMCA game at the suburban Pittsburgh. Geneva College.[1. Naismith himself later coached at the University of Kansas for six years, before handing the reins to renowned coach Forrest "Phog" Allen. Naismith's disciple Amos Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of Chicago, while Adolph Rupp, a student of Naismith's at Kansas, enjoyed great success as coach at the University of Kentucky. On February 9, 1. Hamline University between Hamline and the School of Agriculture, which was affiliated with the University of Minnesota.[1. The School of Agriculture won in a 9–3 game. In 1. 90. 1, colleges, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Dartmouth College, the University of Minnesota, the U. S. Naval Academy, the University of Colorado and Yale University began sponsoring men's games. In 1. 90. 5, frequent injuries on the football field prompted President. Theodore Roosevelt to suggest that colleges form a governing body, resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). In 1. 91. 0, that body would change its name to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played at the YMCA in Kingston, Ontario on February 6, 1. Mc. Gill University visited Queen's University. Mc. Gill won 9–7 in overtime; the score was 7–7 at the end of regulation play, and a ten- minute overtime period settled the outcome. A good turnout of spectators watched the game.[1. The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still exists as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was organized in 1. The first national championship for NCAA teams, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York, was organized in 1. NCAA national tournament would begin one year later. College basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1. Partially spurred by an association with cheating, the NIT lost support to the NCAA tournament. High school basketball. A basketball game between the Heart Mountain and Powell High School girls teams, Wyoming, March 1. Before widespread school district consolidation, most American high schools were far smaller than their present- day counterparts. During the first decades of the 2. In the days before widespread television coverage of professional and college sports, the popularity of high school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of America. Perhaps the most legendary of high school teams was Indiana's Franklin Wonder Five, which took the nation by storm during the 1. Indiana basketball and earning national recognition. Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in varsity competition.[1. Basketball's popularity remains high, both in rural areas where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools known for their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the 2. 00. 3–0. National Federation of State High School Associations. The states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky are particularly well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly called Hoosier Hysteria in Indiana; the critically acclaimed film Hoosiers shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these communities. There is currently no national tournament to determine a national high school champion. The most serious effort was the National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament at the University of Chicago from 1. The event was organized by Amos Alonzo Stagg and sent invitations to state champion teams. The tournament started out as a mostly Midwest affair but grew. In 1. 92. 9 it had 2. Faced with opposition from the National Federation of State High School Associations and North Central Association of Colleges and Schools that bore a threat of the schools losing their accreditation the last tournament was in 1. The organizations said they were concerned that the tournament was being used to recruit professional players from the prep ranks.[1. The tournament did not invite minority schools or private/parochial schools. The National Catholic Interscholastic Basketball Tournament ran from 1. Loyola University.[1. The National Catholic Invitational Basketball Tournament from 1. Catholic University, Georgetown and George Mason.[1. The National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament for Black High Schools was held from 1. Hampton Institute.[1. The National Invitational Interscholastic Basketball Tournament was held from 1. Tuskegee Institute.
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